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Water is the most essential need of life. Water is the primary substance required for all living beings on earth as it the elixir of life. All plants and animals need water to survive. Without water no living being can survive! This is how precious water is.

Let’s look at some uses of water in our daily lives apart from drinking-

• We need water to cook.
• We need water to wash clothes.
• We need water to bathe.
• We need water to clean utensils.
• We need water to clean houses.
• We need water to water plants.
• We need water in Aqua Amusement parks for rides and swimming pools.

1. Surface Water

This is the water which falls on the ground by rain or hail. This water is collected from a catchment. This catchment collects water through the rivers, streams and creeks, which are collected and stored in manmade dams or reservoirs. These dams are located far away from local towns and cities and are used for irrigation and farming purposes as well.

These water bodies play a major role. Many towns and communities draw water from these rivers and lakes directly for usage. On hilltops and in valleys, rivers are the main source of water for the locals.

This is another source of water. These are where underground water flows out naturally without the use of wells, bores or pumps. These are located at the base of the hill or a sloping ground.

When large rocks contain low areas in between them, it causes a depression where water is stored. When such a depression is created, a wall can be constructed to block the rock and trap more water.

These dams are created by scooping out the soil to make a hole. These are normally created at the base in clay soil so that the water stays and does not drain away that easily. These dams are known as “impervious”. This method is commonly used by farmers. There is a rock at the base which does not allow the water to drain away. The water may be close to the ground and this is known as “water table”.

The rainwater which falls on the roofs of houses is collected using a roof guttering which passes through a pipe into the storage tank.

When a bore is sunk into a low lying area, the water gushes out of the hole under its own pressure. This water is at a higher level than the bore opening. This water is called “underground water”. But this water is salty, will have germs and needs to be treated before use.

These are holes dug deep into the ground to find a permanent body of water. A pipe passes through the hole into the water and a pump is used to send the water towards the overhead tank for usage.